Hydrological Challenges and Human Impacts in the Great Lakes

Abstract

The Great Lakes system is inherently dynamic, with water levels and flows subject to natural variations and human influences. Seasonal weather patterns, climate change, and human activities such as water withdrawal and regulation of outflows through dams and locks significantly impact the system's hydrology. These factors together contribute to fluctuating water levels, which pose challenges for shoreline management, ecological balance, and water resource allocation. To better utilize water resources and satisfy the demands of various stakeholders, several models have been established: Model I: Scoreboard and Genetic Algorithm; Model II: Netflow Model; Model III: Multi-target Optimization with Ford-Fulkerson Algorithm. Finally, sensitivity analysis of the model is conducted, demonstrating the model's strong adaptability and ability to address diverse requirements.